H4 at Brindisi, August 1916 |
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| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Operators: | Royal Navy |
| Preceded by: | British E class submarine |
| Succeeded by: | British J class submarine |
| In commission: | 26 May 1915–1945 |
| Completed: | 42 |
| Lost: | 9 |
| Retired: | 33 |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement: | Group 1+2 : 363 long tons (369 t) surfaced 434 long tons (441 t) submerged Group 3 : 423 long tons (430 t) surfaced 510 long tons (518 t) submerged |
| Length: | Group 1+2 : 150 ft 3 in (45.80 m) Group 3 : 171 ft 0 in (52.12 m) |
| Beam: | 15 ft 4 in (4.67 m) |
| Propulsion: | 1 × 480 hp (358 kW) diesel engine 2 × 620 hp (462 kW) electric motors |
| Speed: | Group 1+2 : 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph) surfaced 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) submerged Group 3 : 11.5 knots (21.3 km/h; 13.2 mph) surfaced 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) submerged |
| Range: | Group 1+2 : 1,600 nmi (3,000 km) at 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced Group 3 : 2,985 nmi (5,528 km) at 7.5 kn (13.9 km/h; 8.6 mph) surfaced Group 1+2+3 : 130 nmi (240 km) at 2 kn (3.7 km/h; 2.3 mph) submerged |
| Complement: | 22 |
| Armament: | • 4 × 18 in (457 mm) bow torpedo tubes • 8 × 18 inch torpedoes • 1 × QF 6 pounder gun (H1–H4 only)[1] |
The British H class submarines were Holland 602 type submarines used by the Royal Navy. The submarines constructed for the British Royal Navy between 1915 and 1919 were designed and built in response to German boats which mined British waters and sank coastal shipping with ease due to their small size. The H-Class was therefore created to perform similar operations in German waters, and to attack German submarines operating in British waters.
Despite their cramped size and lack of a deck gun, the class became enormously popular amongst submariners, and saw action all around the British Isles, some being transferred as far as the Adriatic. Due to the later arrival of most of the class, they were unable to have a massive impact, only achieving two victories (the German submarines U-51 and UB-52) for the loss of four of their own number in the First World War.
Post-war many were retained in the Royal Navy for training purposes, and four more were lost in wrecks during the 1920s. At the outbreak of the Second World War they were hopelessly obsolete, but nevertheless were retained in training and coastal warfare roles to help the Royal Navy cope with heavy losses to the submarine fleet during the early stages of the war. Two were sunk during this duty by German countermeasures. The Canada built boats were equipped with Fessenden transducers, which were missing from the US built boats.
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Group 1 was built in Canada at the Canadian Vickers Yards in Montreal before being transported across the Atlantic and deployed from Britain. This was necessary because British shipyards were too overcrowded and busy to construct submarines at this time.
The second group was constructed simultaneously with the first group, but at Fore River Yard at Quincy. Massachusetts in the then neutral United States. When the US government discovered the construction, they impounded all the completed units, only releasing them following their own declaration of war two years later. To escape this difficulty, the British government gave six units to the Chilean Navy as partial payment for the appropriation of six Chilean ships for British service in 1914
Group 3 was the largest group, and was constructed in 1917–1919 in Britain, shipyard space having been granted to the project and more boats needed following the seizure of those building in the United States. They were built by Vickers, Cammell Laird, Armstrong Whitworth and William Beardmore at several locations, and most of the boats enjoyed long careers in the Royal Navy.
Media related to [//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:British_H_class_submarines British H class submarines] at Wikimedia Commons
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